Busines Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Busines Environment - Essay Example Providers allude to the organizations that legitimately sell electric force (About the Electric Industry, 2011). In this manner the electric business in the UK can be comprehended to play out its capacities adequately with the assistance of these partners and have end up being effective throughout the years. In any case, with the expanding levels of rivalry in the business, it has been discovered that clients have changed their inclinations of providers. Additionally, expanding level of costs have prompted the buyers plan for investment funds and subsequently eliminating utilization. Along these lines in the ongoing years, the UK vitality costs have been found to tumble down (About the Electric Industry, 2011). The flow study centers around a PEST examination of the UK electric force industry and thus decides the ongoing changes that have happened. Prior the electric force industry in the UK was heavily influenced by the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB). When CEGB was in charge of the electric force in the UK, there was very little rivalry in the market. There were 12 sheets in the territorial regions that were responsible for the power dissemination. Additionally the costs during this time were lower for the customers to manage. The framework being reliant on warm age was answerable for around 70 percent of the complete creation of power. With the procedure of privatization the controlling board was viewed as privatized. Private possessions and serious valuing became portions of the new privatized industry that was made in the year 1990. In the new structure the autonomy of the generators were restricted and focal arranging was inadequate in the improvement of limit. The costs for the force gracefully likewise expanded in spite of the fact that for noteworthy force buyers the costs decreased after expansion (Stevens , 1995, pp.52-59). In spite of the fact that the new framework have a few favorable circumstances like decreased work costs, better client administrations, diminished getting from government just as modification in the business culture,

Hawk Roosting Unseen Poetry Essay

Bird of prey Roosting Unseen Poetry Essay Bird of prey Roosting Unseen Poetry Essay 'Bird of prey Roosting' Unseen Poetry Essay This article will talk about and clarify certain procedures Ted Hughes utilizes, for example, embodiment, in his sonnet 'Falcon Roosting'. To add to this, it will likewise examine and attempt to expound upon how this sonnet is organized and how it is composed contributes towards the impact of the sonnet upon the peruser. A principle procedure that Ted Hughes utilizes in this sonnet is embodiment. There are numerous instances of this all through the sonnet, one of them being 'my eyes shut'. This is taken from the second 50% of the main line of the sonnet. This is an away from of representation as it is written in the primary individual. The word 'my' shows this. To add to this, Ted Hughes, in numerous spots places a pronoun in the main individual legitimately before a piece of the body. For instance 'my snared head' or 'My feet' are the two examples where this specific strategy inside the wide procedure of representation is utilized. The way that the creator incorporates body parts which are just from the human body causes the bird of prey to appear to be much increasingly human. On the off chance that Ted Hughes had expounded on body parts, for example, claws or paws, it would have caused the animal less human as people to don't have claws or paws. The utilization of exemplification likewise causes t he bird of prey to appear to be uninformed as though it was in control. This is along these lines, by the monotonous utilization of the words 'I' and 'Me'. Through the term of the sonnet the perusers are constantly reminded that the fowl is in control and can do what it needs. A case of this would be 'I murder where I please on the grounds that it is all mine.' This shows the falcon feels that he is in control, not just using the word 'I' however the way that he says 'it is all mine.' Another word which shows this is the word 'review'. This word is situated in the last line of the subsequent verse. For the most part, examiners are individuals with a significant high position as they get the opportunity to see in the case of everything is exactly as they would prefer or not. At the end of the day, they are absolutely in control, and in light of the fact that the bird of prey is, for this situation, contrasting itself with an examiner, it again shows that he considers himself exceptio nally and that he likewise believes that he is absolutely responsible for everything. The bird of prey has a slight oxymoronic incentive to itself aswell, as it says 'My habits are removing heads'. This is oxymoronic as habits are related with beneficial things, for example, saying please and much obliged. For this situation, the oxymoronic winged creature considers habits in a very surprising manner. 'Detaching heads' is clearly an awful activity, yet this bird of prey partners 'removing heads' with 'habits' when the two words thoroughly differentiate. This likewise again returns to the point about the bird of prey being responsible for everything as it may be 'removing heads' and there is nobody or nothing which will go in the falcon's way, and attempt to keep it from doing as such. In this sonnet, Ted Hughes makes nature is ruthless: it ‘kills’ and ‘eats’. What’s somewhat upsetting is that the bird of prey sees these as ‘perfect’ and ‘rehearses them’. This nearly gives the vibe of a maniac, yet he is just s atisfying his normal capacity. The reiteration of ‘hooked’ from his head to his feet makes a vibe of being caught, summoning his sharp, destructive nose and paws. These are the parts that the bird of prey stresses when he depicts himself. The bird of prey bargains in ‘death’. Ted Hughes utilizes the allegory of the winged animal flying straightforwardly ‘through the bones of the living’. The uncomfortable juxtaposition of bones with living makes an agitating impact, and causes the fledgling to appear to be extraordinarily ground-breaking: as though he exists past this one second in time. The bird of prey records common highlights: ‘sun’, ‘air’ and the ‘tree’, which he thinks exist just in as much as they are of ‘advantage to me’. He additionally says it took ‘the entire of Creation’ to deliver his ‘feather’ and ‘foot’: the juxtaposition of something so enormous and old, and scriptural against a minuscule foot/quill, shows how radiant the fowl thinks he is: as though he is the explanation creation exists. This is fascinating in light of the fact that it

Educational Reform Essay Example for Free

Instructive Reform Essay The instructive foundations today are increasingly centered around scholastics give less consideration to the physical properties of the understudies. Physical instructors alongside scholastic educators have a significant influence in advancing great wellbeing through ordinary physical exercises. The quantity of hefty youngsters is expanding the world over. Research portrays that one in each ten; six years of age kid in England is large. It is evaluated that constantly 2020, half of the kids would be stout. (BBC. co, 2004,) Absence of physical action is said to be a reason for brings down scholarly accomplishments just as overweight hefty people. The explanation being, the point at which the principal dietary wellness needs are not met, the understudies show a decrease in scholastics by giving a horrible showing. An investigation in New York declared that students’ insight scholastic execution was influenced by the scarcest of lack of healthy sustenance signs. Schools assume a significant job in building up the youthful personalities preparing them for a brilliant future, it must be remembered that physical instruction too is a basic part of an individual’s life. Alongside the P. E. courses the understudies ought to be exhorted about a legitimate eating routine admission. Youngsters with poor wholesome propensities, particularly in the early years normally score low in jargon, understanding estimation. (Sports Campus Life, 2007) It is determined that 40% of American populace is dormant just 20% are somewhat dynamic. For the most part half of people drop out of activity programs without finishing a half year. The truth of the matter is that propensities are created at an early age. In the event that the understudies are not encouraged with physical exercise courses at school, they will never frame sound exercise propensities. The schools nowadays are battling to build the understudy achievement rates, the youngsters are over troubled with schoolwork additional classes, allowing for extracurricular exercises. The Buffalo City School District in New York has chosen to fuse physical training division beginning from the underlying stage; the point is to accomplish better understudy grades, participation improved wellbeing. The students’ nourishment, dynamic way of life achievements are completely interrelated. On the off chance that the kid is upbeat sound, he will perform well in each progression he takes. Diminishing 240 minutes out of each week in class time for physical movement brought about higher math scores. (Activity for Healthy Kids, 2004) Students with the most noteworthy wellness scores scored the most elevated in their SAT test. Being genuinely dynamic likewise invigorates the student’s psychological learning capacities brings down nervousness gloom levels. It is gotten from broad research that the admission of oxygen during exercise benefits the neurons builds the brain power. Overweight kids are defenseless to create physical afflictions like circulatory strain diabetes in later life, also the mental impacts by being prodded in school causing a hermitic inclination, low confidence by and by wretchedness. The Cambridge Public Schools, in Massachusetts, found that practically 14% of kids from the age bunch 9-13 were overweight because of stationary schedules. These understudies were being focused for jokes harassing. So as to encourage the vitality of hyperactive inactive understudies, simultaneously improving their physical social prosperity; expanded the action programs at school focusing on each student’s singular needs. This demonstration may create attractive outcomes meanwhile going up against issues like heftiness harassing. Yet, spotlight ought to be kept on the physical prosperity of understudies; hence it’s a superior choice to limit contending exercises. Sports recreational rivalries are a decent method to acknowledge one’s potential yet may initiate negative sentiments in the losing rival. Each school endeavors to arrive at the most elevated objective of greatness; this objectives should set worry for the physical mental development of the understudies subsequently, extending time for the physical extracurricular exercises for the kids to enjoy. summer winter breaks can likewise be used for such projects. Partaking in such exercises help the kids to find their qualities uniqueness making a sentiment of accomplishment. They understand their inclinations at that point plan their future objectives in like manner. Various assets are use for the advancement of scholastic divisions in schools. A few stages ought to be taken for structuring the physical instruction division so as to accomplish a positive effect on the certainty, confidence inspiration of the considerable number of understudies. Every understudy ought to be managed independently, to fulfill singular needs improve their over all character. A strategy taken up by the Michigan State Board of Education Policy in September 2003 on Quality Physical Education affirms that very much arranged physical exercises assume an essential job in the understudy learning abilities. They figure out how to join their aptitudes capacities to the fullest in each field. They began a 150 minutes/week program for the basic understudies 225 minutes/week. (Michigan State-Resource Guide) Some of the thoughts that can be consolidated for the advancement of understudies by and large capacities are:†¢ All understudies ought to be qualified for join the physical movement gatherings. Each age gathering ought to be taken care of independently so they can upgrade their certainty, recognize their own. The physical training educational plan ought to be founded on a normally looked into content. The best possible hardware instruments ought to be given by the school an expert coach ought to be recruited to prepare the understudies. The individual qualities capacities of understudies ought to be cooked. Tests ought to be led to discover their continuance levels body qualities at that point focus on the issue territories for accomplishing a sound dynamic understudy body. †¢ Athletics are extremely viable in the over all development of children. Basic levels of games ought to be instructed to each understudy advance courses accessible to the individuals who are intrigued. †¢ The P. E. gathering can hold study bunches workshops to assist the understudies with their shortcoming give them appropriate healthful aides. A few exercises can be presents including cooperation with companions groups of the understudies. For instance barely any schools organize sport days, running tracks family wellness evenings. After school exercises can assume a significant job in actuating physical wellness in the understudies. The focuses to remember are that †¢ the exercises are advantageous for the understudies †¢ the program contains enough force to make it trying †¢ Variety of projects ought to be presented with the goal that the kids are quick to participate in them. †¢ The climate conditions ought to be remembered indoor exercise centers recreational rooms ought to be set up if there should arise an occurrence of a blustery day. †¢ The guardians instructors ought to be urged to engage with the understudies so they can assist the kids with living up as well as could be expected.

An Analysis of Aquinas Cosmological Argument - Literature Essay Samples

The Cosmological argument is ‘a posteriori’ – it is reliant upon and fits with our experience of the world around us, with our own experience of causal chains provoking questions over how we, and the universe as a whole, came to be. The aim of the Cosmological argument is to attempt to prove God’s existence by showing that an infinite regress of causal chains is logically impossible, and in turn, that there must have been a first cause. It highlights the problems of infinite regression and suggests God’s existence as a solution. There are several versions of the argument, the classic being that of St. Thomas Aquinas. Other significant figures include Leibniz and Kant. The Medieval philosopher, St. Thomas Aquinas, provided five arguments in his book, the Summa Theologica, the first three of which are cosmological: the argument from motion, the argument from causation and the argument from necessity and contingency. In his Second Way, the argument fro m causation, Aquinas argues that nothing causes itself, so if the universe was to exist – which it does -, there must be a first cause. It is an ‘a posteriori’ argument as it is from our own experience that we know causes are ordered in to causal chains. P1) There is an order of efficient causes (every event has a cause) P2) Nothing can be the cause of itself P3) Imagine this order of causes goes back infinitely – then there would be no First Cause P4) If (3) were true, then there would be no subsequent causes, but this is false. C) There must be a First Cause (the source of all causes) and this we call God Aquinas argues that nothing can cause itself because if something were the cause of itself it would have to be prior to itself, which is impossible. Therefore, if the universe was to exist at all there needs to be a first cause which began a chain of cause and effect. This argument is reductio ad absurdum. Aquinas attempts to argue that God must exist because an absurd result would follow from the denial of his existence; he uses premises three and four to demonstrate the impossibility of there being no first cause, by demonstrating that if there was no first cause then the present state would not exist – something which is obviously false. In this way, Aquinas’ argument from causation is reliant upon the idea that the universe cannot be infinite. In support of premises 3 and 4 of the argument from causation, Immanuel Kant also argues that an infinite chain of causes is something that, by definition, could never be completed; if the causes that lead up to the existence of us and the world really stretched off in to an infinite past, then there would have to be an infinity of causes occurring before the world could come to be. Kant argues that this is impossible, as if there were an infinite number of causes prior to the present state, then the present state could never come to be. Since the present state has come to be, there cannot be an infinity of causes and in turn there must be a first cause, which people call God. However, philosopher Gottfried Leibniz views the internal regress of the universe differently, with his principle of Sufficient Reason suggesting that since there does not appear to be anything within the universe itself to say why it exists, one can conclude that there is sufficient reason to believe in a great cause outside the universe. In this way, Leibniz argues that the uncaused causer must exist outside the series of causes, infinite though this series may be; he argues, in turn, that such causer must be in esse. Aquinas’ Third Way in the Summa Theologica is the argument from necessity and contingency. This is different from the arguments from motion and causation in that it is based upon the contingency of the universe and of everything in it. P1) Everything in the universe is contingent on something else. P2) Being contingent means that something need not exist P3) If everything need not exist, at some time they did not exist P4) If at one time nothing existed, nothing would exist today P5) Things exist today C) Therefore, there must be a non-contingent or necessary being to explain this (God) Here, Aquinas argues that since the universe is contingent, it cannot be the cause of its own existence and is not necessary. Therefore, a necessary being is required to bring the universe in to existence – where all things are contingent and in turn unnecessary, God is by contrast a necessary being as he is not contingent upon anything else. Another simpler version of the Cosmological Argument is the Kalam argument. This is an Islamic form of the argument which goes back to the Muslim philosopher Al-Kindi but which has also seen support from contemporary philosopher, William L Craig. P1) Everything that begins to exist has a cause of its existence P2) The universe began to exist C) Therefore, the universe has a cause of its existence In def ence of premise two, ‘the universe began to exist’, Craig follows Kant’s reasoning that an actual infinite cannot exist; he states that a beginningless temporal series is an actual infinite, and that since an actual infinite cannot exist, a beginningless temporal series cannot exist. However, the Cosmological Argument also faces several objections. Perhaps the most obvious objection to Aquinas’ argument from causation, known as the schoolboy objection, is the criticism that premise one – ‘every event has a cause’ – and the conclusion – ‘there must be a First Cause which itself has no cause’ – seem to contradict each other. In response to this, it has been argued that there must be an exception to the rule and that this is proved by its reductio ad absurdum form; if there was no exception, no uncaused causer, then the universe would have no cause and it could never come to exist. There is, though, also a retort to this response to the objection. It could be argued that instead of God being the exception to the causal rule, the universe itself could be the exception, with only the things within it having to follow the rule. Furthermore, we could say that the existence of the universe does not need any further explanation: it simply is. A further objection comes from Hume, who, in line with his epistemology, suggests our cognitive inability to comprehend the nature of a metaphysical superentity powerful enough to bring the universe in to existence. In this way, he argues that we have no reason to infer what brought the universe in to existence. An unwarranted inference is required to claim that it is actually God. Hume also argues that the Cosmological Argument suffers from the fallacy of composition, an idea later supported by Russell. The fallacy of composition is the fallacy of assuming that since there is some property common to each part of a group, it follows that this proper ty applies to the group as a whole. Therefore, although every individual part of the universe may have a cause, it does not necessarily follow that the universe itself must have a cause. To conclude, the Cosmological argument is an a posteriori argument whose aim is to attempt to prove the existence of God. Both the Kalam cosmological argument and those of St. Thomas Aquinas attempt to prove this existence through reductio ad absurdum means, demonstrating that without a first cause, the present state would be impossible. However, the strongest objection to the cosmological argument is as a result of its a posteriori basis; that what we see and experience, within the universe, must apply to the universe as a whole. Hume objects to the assumption that because that within the universe is subject to causation, the universe as a whole must also follow this rule. Although it can be argued this fallacy of composition does not always apply in every circumstance, there is no way of ensuring that it does not apply in terms of the whole universe, and in turn the soundness of the cosmological argument cannot be ensured.

Castle 1. The Dual (Good And Evil) Sides Of Human Nature.

Castle 1 The Dual (Good and Evil) Sides of Human Nature ENGL 102: Composition and Literature Spring B 2017 Teresa Castle, L26467226 APA Castle 2 Outline THESIS: In their individual short stories Young Goodman Brown,† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Rocking-Horse Winner by D. H. Lawrence are more different than similar but â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner† use the setting, characterization, and symbolism to depict the reasoning of acting morally or immorally. I. The settings of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† portray two different scenes for the presence of evil. A. The setting of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is of forests and darkness which is a part of portraying evil. B. The setting of â€Å"The†¦show more content†¦H. Lawrence they are more different than similar but â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner† use the setting, characterization, and symbolism to depict the reasoning of acting morally or immorally. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† the setting is based on the historic background and takes place during the Puritan Time Period. The story takes place in the Salem Village near the forest which makes the reader associate this story with witchcraft and evil. Many people believed that the forest was the devil’s home. The story starts out with Goodman and Faith in their home with Goodman saying his goodbyes to Faith and tells her to go on to bed and to say her prayers. â€Å"Say thy prayers, dear Faith, and go to bed at dusk, and no harm will come to thee† (Hawthorne 91). Goodman sets off walking into the forest and it quickly turns dark and the deeper he goes into the woods the darker it becomes. Hawthorne depicts that evil is not present until the dark of the night. In â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner,† the setting is nothing as dark as in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† The setting is a nice house suitable for a young boy such as Paul to live. One can assume that the story may take place somewhere in England. The darkness appears when Paul tells of the house talking to him saying â€Å"There must be more money! There must be more money!† (Lawrence 234). The house becomes eerie after it soaks up the mother’s self-pity and greed. Lawrence depicts in this story that evil can beShow MoreRelatedThemes Of Dr Jekyll And Mr Hyde And Macbeth1322 Words   |  6 PagesJekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Stevenson and Macbeth by William Shakespeare both illustrate this idea. In Stevenson’s novel, a scientist named Henry Jekyll experiments with the phenomenon of separating one’s dual nature, which unfortunately kills him because he is not able to take control of his evil side. In Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth, a Scottish general, is consumed by the desire to become king and kills many people to achieve his goal, after thr ee witches tell him about his future. Through the use ofRead MoreStevensons Use of Technique to Present Character and Atmosphere in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde3297 Words   |  14 Pagesand Mr Hyde ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ by the young Robert Louis Stevenson was published in 1886. The story, which concerns the way in which an individual is made up of different emotions and desires, some good and some evil is told from the point of view of John Utterson. Mr Utterson is a lawyer and friend to the respected and brilliant scientist, Dr. Henry Jekyll. After relating a disturbing tale of an angry fiend assaulting a small girl, UttersonRead MoreFrancis Bacon15624 Words   |  63 PagesBacon appears as a moralist in his essays, for he preaches high moral principles and lays down valuable guidelines for human conduct. Some of his essays show him as a true lover and preacher of high ethical codes and conducts. For instance, in â€Å"Of Envy†, he puts: â€Å"A man that hath no virtue in himself, ever envieth virtue in others.† Then, in his essay â€Å"Of Goodness and Goodness of Nature† he says: â€Å"But in charity there is no excess; neither can angel or man come in danger by it.† Again, he appearsRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pageseditions include: Arabic Pseudo-Magriti, Das Ziel des Weisen, Herausgegeben von Hellmut Ritter, B.G. Teubner / Liepzig / Berlin 1933. Studien der Bibliothek Warburg Herausgegeben von Fritz Saxl. XII. Picatrix (â€Å"Das Ziel des Weisen† von Pseudo-Majriti) 1. Arabischer Text. German â€Å"Picatrix† Das Ziel des Weisen von Pseudo-Magriti, Translated into German from the Arabic by Hellmut Ritter and Martin Plessner, London, The Warburg Institute, University of London, 1962 French B. Bakhouche, F. Fauquier,Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagestwentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7 (paper : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0271-4 (electronic) 1. History, Modern—20th century. 2. Twentieth century. 3. Social history—20th century. 4. World politics—20th century. I. Adas, Michael, 1943– II. American Historical Association. D421.E77 2010 Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesTheory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constitutingRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5

Analysis of Astrophil and Stella by Sir Phillip Sidney Essay

Analysis of Astrophil and Stella by Sir Phillip Sidney In Sir Philip Sidneys Astrophil and Stella Sonnet 1, there is an observable poetic structure that can be analyzed on a literal as well as a figurative level in an attempt to gain a logical understanding of the poem. Sidneys style of writing appears to be easily interpreted on a literal level, yet there is a deeper and more complex dimension of figurative elements, such as metaphors, that require further exploration and examination to unveil their complete meaning. In addition, this sonnet encompasses complex speech that must be interpreted through its underlying meaning and not what it appears to be on the surface. Firstly, Sidney uses a fairly concise structure†¦show more content†¦When reading, there is a tendency to slow down the B words to capture their actual meanings. The turn, or deviation of tone, appears between the octave of the first eight lines and the sestet of the last six lines where the variation in rhyme scheme also takes place. At this point, the tone change suggests the speaker has a blank mind due to an absence of imagination causing a lack of words to express the ideas that he is so filled with. On a more literal level, there are several aspects that compliment and are complimented by the structure of this poem, such as tone, metaphor, and other literary elements. Firstly, the speaker of this poem is a lover who is attempting to write to his love to try to make her feel so beloved and overtaken by the most perfect words he has chosen, yet in the midst of him trying to write, his mind goes blank and he cannot think of anything to say to her. The angry tone toward the end of the sonnet is evident by the speaker saying, Biting my truant pen, beating myself for spite (line 13). The speaker also seems woeful when he says, Thus, great with child to speak, and helpless in my throes (line12) which is ironic because he is trying to make his love woeful, yet he is the one who is sad and wallowing in his pain. Through the fast-pace d flow of the poem, we as readers are forced to understand that his anger is a legitimate result of Nature failing to grant him an imagination to compose love poetry. Our tendency toShow MoreRelatedLoving Un Truth, and Fain in Verse My Love to Show1407 Words   |  6 PagesPhilip Sidney Analysis 1: Like other creative persons of the period, Sidney also came under the influence of sonneteering. Thus a series of sonnets addressed to a single lady, expressing and reflecting on the developing relationship between the poet and his love grew up. Though the story does not have to be literal autobiography and questions of ‘sincerity’ are hardly answered, Sidney’s love for Stella, on the artistic level, has been traced to love-affair of the poet’s own life. Stella is said

The Relevance of Studying Geopolitics

Question: Discuss about The Relevance of Studying Geopolitics. Answer: Geopolitics is one of those contentious concepts that have been debated for a long period and the debate is going still now. The scope of this theory or field is so huge and complex that the researchers and scholars are bound to represent different views on it. It has evolved and developed over the time but as the age of technology and globalization has prevailed, many people are raising questions about the relevance of studying geopolitics. This paper attempts to discuss geopolitics, the arguments against it and the vagueness of those arguments to establish that the study of geopolitics has immense importance in this age. It is extremely difficult to define geopolitics as scholars and experts have failed to develop a proper and wholesomely acceptable definition. However, geopolitics is largely considered as the study of the interacting relation among the geography, international relations and international politics [1]. A number of experts and scholars suggest that geopolitics tries to establish geographical determinism. This one of those arguments they present against the relevance of studying geopolitics. In the sub-Saharan countries like South Africa, environmental or geographical determinism played a huge role in determining the path of the development of the nation. A number of experts argue that South Africa was destined to be colonized because the tropical climate did not allow its residents to become civilized. Moreover, the climatic influence made their skin colors black and it led a number of theorists to assume that the European races were superior to the African inhabitants. It was observe d that South African people heavily relied on agriculture and the societal foundations were not strong enough as there were limited competition. This was mainly due to the geographical position and environmental features of the nation. Thus, instead of fighting for the acquired land, the African people usually chose to flee and take charge of another land. It was a barrier in the development of the hierarchical societies. On the other hand, the European societies continuously received threats from others and it forced them to create a strong social formation. This is the one of the reasons why the European power became successful in colonizing South Africa. Many scholars suggest that such theory of geopolitics is a means for supporting imperialism, colonialism and promoting the extreme side of geographic determinism in which the geography alone determines the destiny and development of a nation. But one must understand that the geography in geopolitics simply do not refer to fixed e lements such as topography and location but it also points toward the cultural, historical, and human-related aspects. It takes geography as a spatial component that can help the human beings to analyze the limits and opportunities in the broader field of the international politics. The political strategizing of a state can be designed by evaluating the threats or vulnerabilities of other states with a concentration on their geopolitical features. The attackers also argue that geopolitics has become an obsolete subject because it considers the state as the unitary actor and wholesomely focuses on the politics of the power and the national identity. In the age of the rapidly changing world, the sense of globalization has transgressed beyond the geographical boundaries but one cannot deny the fact that every state has to critically evaluate the components, formation, and scope of the international relation in order to survive and progress [2]. The study of critical geopolitics also concentrates on the economic and cultural aspects of the relation so that the states can properly assess their areas of strength and the fields that need improvement. After the World War II and the post-Cold War period, geopolitics went through huge development simply because of the rapidly changing scenario of the globe. The classical geopolitics indeed heavily emphasized in the discussion and evaluation of a state's opportunities by focusing on geographical qualities but with the advent of the nuclear bombs, chemical weapons, terrorism, globally active criminal groups, it has become very difficult for a state to perfectly and appropriately assess any possible threats and opportunities [3]. But it should be not be neglected that such global operations heavily relies on the supply of human-made and natural resources. Geopolitics tries to elaborate the fact that the proper assessment of the resources has a vital role to play in the process of determining strategies. Moreover, as emotional and cultural aspects are also parts of the geopolitical study, it helps to critically examine the scope of international relations. Terrorists and criminal groups are active throughout the world and geopolitics can help the society to determine the proper counteract by evaluating the international relations and creating a sense of unification if necessary [4]. There are a number of critics who think that the transnational agents of global security risks regarding the environment are making the study of geopolitics more vulnerable. But they should realize that these transnational agents are also the components of international relations. In this case, the new paradigm titled meta-geopolitics may prove to be extremely efficient. This study focuses on the traditional concepts of geopolitical strategies along with special concentration on the continuously shifting framework of global security with the help of modern tools [5]. Geopolitics is an extremely important topic of study from the viewpoint of international relations and strategizing the shift of state power. The contemporary modern world is obviously a complex environment. But it should be realized that the old security risks coexist with the new ones in this age of globalization. None of them are mutually exclusive. Therefore, the study of geopolitics from the classical, critical and combined views is still relevant and immensely valuable. Bibliography Al-Rodhan, Nayef R.F. Neo-statecraft and Meta-geopolitics: Reconciliation of Power, Interests and Justice in the 21st Century. New York: LIT Verlag, 2009. Costachie, Silviu. " German School of Geopolitics Evolution, Ideas, Prospects", Romanian Review on Political Geography 13, no. 2 (2011): 264-276. Mamadouh, Virginie, and Gertjan Dijkink. "Geopolitics, International Relations and Political Geography: The Politics of Geopolitical Discourse", Geopolitics 11, no.4 (2006): 349-366. Owens, Mackubin Thomas. "In defense of classical geopolitics", Orbis 59, no. 4 (2015): 463-478. Sloan, Geoff. "Classical Geopolitical Theory: Does It Still Matter?", Journal of Global Competitivenes 13, no. 1 (2005): 101. [1] Mackubin Thomas Owens, " Mackubin Thomas. "In defense of classical geopolitics", Orbis 59, no. 4 (2015): 463-478. [2] Virginie Mamadouh and Gertan Dijkink, "Geopolitics, International Relations and Political Geography: The Politics of Geopolitical Discourse", Geopolitics 11, no.4 (2006): [3] Geoff Sloan, "Classical Geopolitical Theory: Does It Still Matter?", Journal of Global Competitivenes 13, no. 1 (2005): 101. [4] Silviu Costachie, " German School of Geopolitics Evolution, Ideas, Prospects", Romanian Review on Political Geography 13, no. 2 (2011): 266. [5] Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan, Neo-statecraft and Meta-geopolitics: Reconciliation of Power, Interests and Justice in the 21st Century (New York: LIT Verlag, 2009), 96.